Article Sidebar

Download
PDF

Main Article Content

Abstract

This study focused on characterizing Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) isolates previously obtained from live bird markets and commercial poultry farms in Zaria and environs. Ten NDV isolates, six from local chickens in live bird markets and four from exotic chickens, were isolated between November 2014 and January 2015. The isolates were collected for molecular study. They were amplified using RT-PCR, followed by sequencing of partial F gene. Eight of the ten isolates were successfully sequenced. The results indicated that all the NDV sequences were virulent based on their cleavage site motifs within the F gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed significant divergence (>20%) between these strains and commonly used vaccine strains like La Sota, V4, and Komarov. Notably, all analyzed NDVs grouped within sub-genotype XIVb during phylogenetic clustering, displaying shared amino acid substitutions across different positions relative to other members of this sub-genotype. These findings offer insights into potential reasons behind NDV vaccine failures by highlighting genetic differences among circulating strains versus those used in vaccines- a rationale warranting further investigation through challenge studies to improve vaccine efficacy against emerging NDV variants.

Keywords

Live Bird Markets; Newcastle Disease Virus; Sequence analysis; Sub-genotype XIVb

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2025 T. M. Hamisu, M. Y. Shettima, H. M. Kazeem, L. Saidu, K. A. Majiyagbe (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates from Live Bird Markets and Commercial Farms in Zaria, Nigeria, based on Partial Fusion Genee. (2025). Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 22(2), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.54058/3jp1f639
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

How to Cite

Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates from Live Bird Markets and Commercial Farms in Zaria, Nigeria, based on Partial Fusion Genee. (2025). Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 22(2), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.54058/3jp1f639

References

  1. Abraham-Oyiguh, J., Sulaiman, L. K., Meseko, C. A., Ismail, S., Suleiman, I., Ahmed, S. J. and Onate, E. C. (2014). Prevalence of Newcastle disease antibodies in local chicken in federal capital territory, Abuja, Nigeria. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2014, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/796148
  2. Aliyu, H.B., Sa’idu, L., Abdu, P.A. and Oladele, S.B. (2016). Retrospective analysis of Newcastle disease diagnosed at the poultry clinic of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 13(3), 42. https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v13i3.7
  3. Amoia, C. F., Hakizimana, J. N., Chengula, A. A., Munir, M., Misinzo, G. and Weger-Lucarelli, J. (2024). Genomic diversity and geographic distribution of Newcastle Disease virus genotypes in Africa: implications for diagnosis, vaccination, and regional collaboration. Viruses, 16(5), 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050795
  4. Babaeimarzangou, S. S., Allymehr, M., Molouki, A., Talebi, A. and Mehrabadi, M. H. F. (2023). Identification of an additional N-glycosylation site and thermostable mutations within the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of the Newcastle disease virus belonging to the VII.1.1 sub-genotype. PubMed, 14(8), 447–456. https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2022.558074.3562
  5. Bello, M. B., Yusoff, K., Ideris, A., Hair-Bejo, M., Peeters, B. P. H. and Omar, A. R. (2018a). Diagnostic and vaccination approaches for Newcastle Disease virus in poultry: the current and emerging Perspectives. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7278459
  6. Bello, M. B., Yusoff, K. M., Ideris, A., Hair-Bejo, M., Peeters, B. P. H., Jibril, A. H., Tambuwal, F. M. and Omar, A. R. (2018b). Genotype diversity of Newcastle disease virus in Nigeria: disease control challenges and future outlook. Advances in Virology, 2018, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6097291
  7. Doan, P. T. K., Low, W. Y., Ren, Y., Tearle, R. and Hemmatzadeh, F. (2022). Newcastle disease virus genotype VII gene expression in experimentally infected birds. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09257-y
  8. Eid, A. A. M., Hussein, A., Hassanin, O., Elbakrey, R. M., Daines, R., Sadeyen, J., Abdien, H. M. F., Chrzastek, K. and Iqbal, M. (2022). Newcastle Disease genotype VII prevalence in poultry and wild birds in Egypt. Viruses, 14(10), 2244. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102244
  9. Ekiri, A. B., Wakawa, A., Reid, S. M., James, J., Ross, C., Byrne, A. M. P., Lewis, T., Lynton-Jenkins, J., Adebowale, K., Mijten, E., Varga, G., Brown, I. H., Banyard, A. C. and Cook, A. J. C. (2025). Evaluating the impact of avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in poultry at live bird markets in Nigeria: defining hurdles to sustainable agriculture. BMC Veterinary Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04508-2
  10. Hamisu, T.M., Kazeem, H.M., Majiyagbe, K.A, Sa’idu, L., Jajere, S.M., Shettima, Y.M., Baba, T.A., Olufemi, O.T., Shittu, I. and Owolodun, O.A. (2017). Molecular screening and isolation of Newcastle disease virus from live poultry markets and chickens from commercial poultry farms in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 14(3), 18. https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v14i3.3
  11. Hu, Z., He, X., Deng, J., Hu, J. and Liu, X. (2022). Current situation and future direction of Newcastle disease vaccines. Veterinary Research, 53(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-022-01118-w
  12. Ibrahim, M., Wahba, M. A. and Yehia, N. (2024). Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1 from Egyptian Mallard Ducks with Nervous Manifestations. Journal of World S Poultry Research. https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2024.23
  13. Liu, B., Ji, Y., Lin, Z., Fu, Y., Dafallah, R. M. and Zhu, Q. (2015). Two single amino acid substitutions in the intervening region of Newcastle disease virus HN protein attenuate viral replication and pathogenicity. Scientific Reports, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13038
  14. Lu, X., Liu, X., Song, Q., Wang, X., Hu, S. and Liu, X. (2022). Amino acid mutations in Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase enhance the virulence and pathogenicity of the genotype III Newcastle Disease vaccine strain after intravenous inoculation. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.890657
  15. Mase, M. (2021). Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus strains isolated in Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 84(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.21-0490
  16. Megahed, M., Mohamed, W. and Hassanin, O. (2020). A Complex Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Africa Continent: An Updated review. Journal of Animal Health and Production, 9(s1). https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2020/9.s1.97.109
  17. Miller, P. J., Afonso, C. L., Attrache, J. E., Dorsey, K. M., Courtney, S. C., Guo, Z. and Kapczynski, D. R. (2013). Effects of Newcastle disease virus vaccine antibodies on the shedding and transmission of challenge viruses. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 41(4), 505–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2013.06.007
  18. Moustapha, A., Talaki, E., Akourki, A. and Ousseini, M. (2023). Newcastle Disease virus in poultry: Current status and control prospects. World S Veterinary Journal, 13(2), 240–249. https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj26
  19. Mulisa, D. D., W/Kiros, M. K., Alemu, R. B., Keno, M. S., Furaso, A., Heidari, A., Chibsa, T. R. and Chunde, H. C. (2014). Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus and poultry-handling practices in live poultry markets, Ethiopia. Springer Plus, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-459
  20. Sadiq, M.B. and Mohammed, B.R. (2017). The economic impact of some important viral diseases affecting the poultry industry in Abuja, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 15(2), 7. https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v15i2.2
  21. Selim, K. M., Selim, A., Arafa, A., Hussein, H. A. and Elsanousi, A. A. (2018). Molecular characterization of full fusion protein (F) of Newcastle disease virus genotype VIId isolated from Egypt during 2012-2016. Veterinary World, 11(7), 930–938. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.930-938
  22. Shittu, I., Joannis, T. M., Odaibo, G. N. and Olaleye, O. D. (2016). Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes. Virus Disease, 27(4), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-016-0344-6
  23. Snoeck, C. J., Owoade, A. A., Couacy-Hymann, E., Alkali, B. R., Okwen, M. P., Adeyanju, A. T., Komoyo, G. F., Nakouné, E., Faou, A. L. and Muller, C. P. (2013). High genetic diversity of Newcastle Disease virus in poultry in West and Central Africa: cocirculation of genotype XIV and newly defined genotypes XVII and XVIII. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 51(7), 2250–2260. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00684-13
  24. Sun, J., Ai, H., Chen, L., Li, L., Shi, Q., Liu, T., Zhao, R., Zhang, C., Han, Z. and Liu, S. (2022). Surveillance of Class I Newcastle Disease Virus at Live Bird Markets in China and Identification of Variants with Increased Virulence and Replication Capacity. Journal of Virology, 96(10). https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00241-22
  25. Umar, B. N., Adamu, J., Abdu, P. A., Ahmad, K. H., Sada, A. and Kazeem, H. M. (2024). Molecular Pathotyping and Phylogeny of Recent Subgenotype XIV.2 Newcastle Disease Viruses from Chickens and Pigeons in Nigeria. Infectious Microbes and Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1097/im9.0000000000000166
  26. Wang, Y., Yu, W., Huo, N., Wang, W., Guo, Y., Wei, Q., Wang, X., Zhang, S., Yang, Z. and Xiao, S. (2017). Comprehensive analysis of amino acid sequence diversity at the F protein cleavage site of Newcastle disease virus in fusogenic activity. PLoS ONE, 12(9), e0183923. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183923
  27. Xu, Q., Sun, J., Gao, M., Zhao, S., Liu, H., Zhang, T., Han, Z., Kong, X. and Liu, S. (2017). Genetic, antigenic, and pathogenic characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from geese in China. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 29(4), 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638717709855

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.